To grow a rich harvest of carrots it must be protected from various diseases and pestsotherwise the plants may die or produce deformed fruits. In this review, we will talk about the most common pests of this vegetable (carrot fly, aphid, leaf flies and others), the reasons for the appearance of diseases on it, how to protect and control them.
Diseases of carrots, prevention and remedies
There are many types of carrot diseases that can affect the plant throughout its growing period. The main task of the gardener will be to carry out preventive measures or if the disease still affects the plantings, it must be correctly identified and all the necessary measures to be taken as soon as possible to protect the plant.
Fomoz
Phomoz is also called dry rotwhich is caused by a dangerous fungus. The disease affects the plant at the end of the growing season. At the initial stages, the disease can be recognized by the elongated gray-brown spots that are located on the leaves or petioles.
In addition to affecting the aerial part, phomoz is actively developing on fruits and continues to be active during storage, especially in cases where the crop is in a room with an air temperature above 10 degrees. Initially, black-brown depressions with a whitish bloom appear on the upper part of the fruit, which gradually grow and affect the whole vegetable.
It will not be possible to save the plant, since it is almost impossible to cure a disease that has already appeared, all affected plants must be removed. As a means of prevention, it is necessary to apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers before planting and remove the tops in a timely manner.
White rot
The disease affects the fruits of carrots, which become soft during storage and gradually become covered with a white fluffy bloom. The final stage in the development of the disease will be the appearance of a crust with black dots.
White rot spreads through the soil, so you need to remove all weeds in a timely manner and follow all the rules for planting and caring for plants.
The fight against the disease occurs through increased application of potash fertilizers, spraying plants with preparations containing copper in their composition. Also it is necessary to regularly disinfect the storage room.
Gray rot
This disease forms wet rot on the fruit during storage and results in a large loss of yield. Initially, the surface of the carrot is soaked, after which it darkens and covers the entire area of the fruit. After a while, a gray mushroom bloom appears on them.
To protect against the development of white rot, the soil should be fed with nitrogen fertilizers in time, periodically spray with a 1% solution of Brodsky liquid... It is recommended to store the crop at a temperature of +2 degrees.
Rhizoctonia
Most often, this disease is called felt rot, it affects fruits both during their active growth and after harvest during storageI. You can recognize the ailment by the dark gray inner spots, on which a felt coating of a purple hue subsequently forms. The last stage is characterized by the appearance of black dots.
Treatment of the disease carried out by spraying the plantings with chemical preparations containing copper oxychloride.
Alternaria
The second name of the disease is black rot. The disease can manifest itself at any stage of plant development. On young carrots, the main symptom will be blackening of the stem. On adult plants, you can notice the curling of the leaves, which turn yellow and dry over time. The petioles go limp and sink to the ground. Dry black rot forms on the surface of the fruit.
Black rot can spread both through the soil and through the seeds. The disease is capable of destroying most of the plantings in a short time.
You can get rid of the disease by spraying with the drug Rovral.
Bacteriosis
Bacteriosis is one of the most common diseases, and it can be recognized by the following signs:
- on the edges of the lower leaves appear yellow spots, which grow darker as they grow, but at the same time retain yellow outlines around them;
- on the base of the leaf stalks characteristic gray-white or light yellow drops, which are called bacterial exudate;
- on the stems brown streaks or spots;
- on root crops ulcers appear and brown depressed spots.
If the disease has spread strongly, then the plant will begin to emit a pungent and unpleasant odor.
It is impossible to get rid of the disease, so the affected plantings will have to be removed. Prevention will be keeping the seeds in hot water before planting and timely spraying with Hom.
Cercosporosis
Initially light brown spots with a light center are formed on the leaf plate, which gradually grows. The edges of the leaves begin to curl. If the humidity is high, then the spots will be covered with bloom. Formations on petioles and stems are oblong. Subsequently, the green part of the plant dies off completely, and the fruits become small and lose their original shape.
Pre-treatment of seeds will be preventive measures in hot water and spraying young shoots with a weak solution of Brodsky liquid.
Brown spot
Brown spot affects carrots at all stages of development and is therefore very dangerous:
- in young plants on the lower part of the stem appear brown constrictions. In this case, carrot sprouts very often die;
- on the leaves of adult plants yellow spots appearthat gradually turn brown or black, but the original shade remains in the form of a halo. At high humidity, a characteristic black bloom can be seen on the spots;
- the stems and bases of the petioles are also affected by such ailment, they form long brown spots.
To prevent the development of brown spotting in rainy weather, regularly loosen the aisles... Plants can also be treated with a decoction of celandine, nettle or horsetail.
Pests of carrots, the fight against them with drugs and folk methods
Pests living on carrots are very dangerous for planting, this is due to the fact that under the influence of these insects, the complete death of the plant can occur or its partial deaththat leads to loss or decrease in yield. The fight against insects should be started immediately, after they are found, in this case there will be much more chances to get rid of them.
Carrot fly
The carrot fly hibernates in pupae underground, which is why the root crop of the plant most often suffers from such an insect. You can determine the presence of pests by the state of the tops, if a carrot fly is present, then the leaves acquire a bronze tint, after which they dry out and die off. Carrots damaged by a pest become unfit for consumption.
As a measure of control and at the same time prevention of the appearance of such insects it is necessary to plow, loosen and clean the soil from weeds in a timely manner. Treatment with chemical agents Aklellik, Decis Profi, Tsiper, Sharpey and folk methods also help well - pour with ammonia.
Beetle leaf
The beetle is a very small insect that, like fleas, has jumping legs. Females of such pests lay eggs on the tops of carrots.... Soon, larvae appear from the eggs, which in turn will begin to feed on the leaf juices, thereby causing the plant to completely dry out.
You can get rid of insects by collecting eggs and treating plantings with tobacco dust or soapy water.
Umbrella moth
This insect looks like a small butterfly the brown moth is considered especially dangerous, which affects the testes and fruit of carrots. You can notice the pest by the cocoons that he weaves. The plant gradually darkens and begins to dry. Most often, the umbrella moth is found in late June - mid-July, after which it turns into a pupa and does not pose a threat to the future harvest.
In order to get rid of insects, it is necessary to mechanically clean the plantings, that is, cut off the aerial part of the plant and collect the caterpillars, which must subsequently be destroyed. You can also spray carrots with lepidocide, entobacterin, etc. Preventive methods include deep digging of the soil before planting.
Naked slugs
Naked slugs are considered the most common pests in the garden., this is due to the fact that they live in a variety of places, which include soil, turf, fallen leaves, stones or any other area with high humidity.
Both adults and young slugs can seriously damage yields. They actively eat up foliage and eat out large pits in the fruits themselves.
You can identify a slug by the white, shiny trail that it leaves behind.
For the prevention and control of insects the beds are treated with superphosphate or 10 percent salt solution.
Wireworms
A wireworm is a yellow worm, which is actually the larva of a click beetle. On average, the length of such an insect is 3 centimeters.... The wireworm feeds on root crops, eating them and leaving characteristic point passages. In this case, the vegetables will be unfit for human consumption.
You can get rid of such pests by feeding, which includes ammonia. The drugs Aktara and Bazudin also help well.
Carrot aphid
External signs of the appearance of carrot aphids are visible immediately. Clusters of small green insects are observed on plants... The leaves begin to curl and dry out. Such pests feed on stem juice, as a result of which carrots are poorly formed or stop developing. This factor can negatively affect the yield.
You can get rid of insects by spraying the plantings with soapy water., infusion of ash or tobacco. For prevention in summer, on hot days, carrots are sprayed with warm water as often as possible.
Exclamation scoop
The most serious consequences occur after the appearance of butterfly caterpillarsrelated to this species. They feed on the root part of the stems and directly on the root crops themselves, leaving behind holes and passages.
You can effectively deal with an exclamation scoop using special chemicals (Decis, Politrin and Fury) and folk methods (chamomile and burdock infusion).
Preventive treatment of carrots from diseases and pests
In order to prevent the appearance of diseases and pests, you need to adhere to a whole range of measures, which includes the timely implementation of work on weeding and loosening, regular application of the necessary fertilizers and preliminary disinfection of planting material and soil. Also aboutit is very important to carry out preventive treatments:
- For, to avoid the appearance of gray mold it is necessary to treat the soil with 1% Brodsky liquid;
- Prevent felt rot it is possible by spraying the preparation Hom;
- With black rot the drug Rovral helps well;
- Avoid powdery mildew it is possible by treating plants with Topaz or Horus;
- Scare off carrot moth you can use a decoction of tomato tops, which is soaked in water in a ratio of 1 to 5 for 30 minutes. After that, the broth is boiled for so much. Every 2 liters of the product is diluted in a bucket of water and 2-3 tablespoons of liquid soap are added;
- From many other insects spring treatment with special insecticides will help.
A disease or pest can often be found on carrots, which is why you need to carefully inspect the beds and the harvested crop at the time of defects and shortcomings... In order to face such a problem as rarely as possible, it is necessary to follow the rules regarding agricultural technology and plant processing.