Who doesn't love juicy, sweet, aromatic grapes ?! Yes, if still without a bone! Yes, besides, it is unpretentious in care, easily adapting to any climatic conditions! This is the sort of grape every gardener dreams of. The hybrid variety Anyuta is one of the most beloved and popular table grape varieties, because it meets all the most demanding requirements of winegrowers and consumers. A description of this variety is presented below.
Breeding history, description and characteristics of the variety
There are a great many types and hybrid forms of grapes, but breeders do not stop working on the creation of new and new varieties, because "there is no limit to perfection." By crossing and pollinating different grape varieties in different combinations, scientists and amateur breeders get new forms with the given parameters - resistance to diseases, high yield, excellent taste, technical and external data.
Anyuta grape was bred thanks to the efforts of the famous amateur breeder of our time V.N. Krainova. The hybrids created by him are always popular, but grapes with a gentle female name "Anyuta" deservedly occupy one of the leading positions. He took the best qualities from his parental couple - the popular seedless grape Kishmish Radiant and the most famous breeding variety Talisman (Kesha). It is often used by breeders as a parent form that donates yield and high resistance to unfavorable climates.
Anyuta is cultivated in a very wide region - Moldova, Ukraine, southern and middle regions of Russia. The variety is easy to root and adapts to weather conditions.
Anyuta - mid-season variety, the harvest ripens for 140-145 days from the appearance of ovaries, i.e. the first crops can be harvested in early to mid September. Depending on the natural and weather conditions of the region, the terms fluctuate + -1-2 weeks. The bushes are tall, reaching a height of 3m. Begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting seedlings. High and stable yield varieties deserve special attention - on fertile soils at the stage of fruit ripening, the vines can be so overloaded with bunches that it is even recommended to regulate their number to avoid damage to the bushes. The weight of the bunches varies from 0.7kg to 1.2kg, but not uncommonly up to 1.5kg.
Description and characteristics of berries
Bunches of grapes Anyuta have a cone shape and a loose structure, the berries are freely arranged and therefore weighty fruiting plants seem even larger. Huge bunches of grapes have an excellent presentation and give the bushes an attractive and presentable appearance. It's all about ourselves berries - bright pink color, beautiful oval shape and very large size - on average 35x25 mm and more, have 4 bones. Berry weight reaches 15-20g, pulp fleshy, dense and pleasant on the palate, very juicy, with a slight nutmeg aftertaste. Skin also firm, but easily eaten together with the pulp.
But after ripening, the bunches should not be left on the bushes, since the pulp liquefies, and the taste deteriorates significantly. There are no signs of a pea berry effect.
Advantages and disadvantages
The most important advantage of "Anyuta" is the ease of growing (which is especially important for novice gardeners), the unpretentiousness of the plant, stable and high yields with minimal care.... A number of advantages can be continued:
- excellent taste and appearance dataproviding an excellent presentation of products;
- good safety of berries with transportability over long distances (even at elevated temperatures), which is important for the implementation of rich harvests;
- thanks to the dense skin of the berry not damaged by wasps;
- hybrid absolutely not prone to pea;
- variety has bisexual flowersthat provides good self-pollination;
- high frost resistance - up to 22-24aboutC, but nevertheless, experienced growers recommend sheltering for the winter - it is better to play it safe than damage the plant;
- high bush resistance to fungal infections, mildew, powdery mildew;
- 100% rooting rate of cuttingssuitable for any rootstock.
But, despite such a number of advantages, there are some limitations varieties:
- bones - although rather small, but still, their presence makes it difficult to fully enjoy the true taste of berries;
- if you overexpose the crop on bushes, dense fleshy the pulp liquefiesbecomes mucous;
- due to the huge number of ovaries the crop may not ripen well, therefore, it is necessary to regulate their number by cutting off excess clusters;
- at high humidity the berries are cracking;
- possible freezing of roots, requiring shelter for the winter.
Agrotechnical features of Anyuta grapes
Planting material harvested in autumn, during the pruning of bushes before winter. Cuttings of annual shoots are cut 30-40 cm long, treated with 5% solution of ferrous sulfate, wrapped in a damp cloth and cellophane, stored at t + 5aboutFROM.
Planting can be carried out both by grafting on rootstocks and by seedlings.
In the case of grafting, the plant immediately receives a powerful root system, develops better and faster, but can inherit all diseases of the rootstock, which will eventually appear on it. The seedling will avoid these problems, but it will develop more slowly and will begin to bear fruit in 4-5 years of growth.
Landing. In February, the cuttings are laid out in moist coniferous sawdust and wait for the roots to appear. Then they are planted in boxes with peat and sand, put on the windowsills - young shoots need an abundance of light and heat. They are transferred to open ground in May. They dig up the soil well, fertilize, make deep holes. Crushed stone is poured onto their bottom, then layers of humus, mineral fertilizers (potassium, phosphorus, iron), fertile soil are poured.
A place. Although the variety is considered not very demanding in terms of growth and care, it is better to follow some rules and requirements to achieve the most comfortable conditions. The grapes will grow and bear fruit best in well-lit, sunny areas or on the south side of the house. Since the bushes are quite powerful, tall, they need a lot of space for proper growth and nutrition. Therefore, the distance between adjacent plants should be at least 1m, and from the structure to the bush - at least 70cm.
Care of young and adult plants
Further care consists in carrying out the usual activities:
- watering - rare, but abundant (in early spring, before and after flowering);
- soil mulching around the trunk with blackened sawdust or organic matter;
- autumn pruning sleeves and shoots for 6-8 eyes;
- although the Anyuta variety is resistant to many diseases, preventive treatment fungicidal anti-fungal preparations are not superfluous before flowering and the formation of ovaries;
- cover a tall bush for the winter the easiest way is with a film, but it is necessary to monitor the state of humidity under the shelter, to ensure air circulation.
By applying simple methods of caring for Anyuta, you will be rewarded with an abundant harvest of excellent fragrant berries.