Sweet cherry, as a woody plant, has been known since ancient times. Juicy and sweet fruits are a favorite treat for children and adults. Among the southern varieties of sweet cherry varieties Valery Chkalov - a bright representative with relative frost resistance. A description of this variety can be found below.
Description of the cherry variety Valery Chkalov
Sweet cherry of an early ripening variety, obtained in 1953 by breeders M.T. Oratovsky and S.V. Zhukov. The selection was developed by the joint work of the station of the Melitopol Experimental Gardening named after V.I. M.F. Sidorenko and the Central Genetic Laboratory. I.V. Michurin. Pollinator - Caucasian Pink cherry.
The variety is named after the memory of the Soviet test pilot Valery Chkalov.
The variety grows in a temperate continental and subtropical climate. In harsh continental and monsoon climates, the variety is not suitable for cultivation. Since 1974, the variety has been zoned in the North Caucasus:
- Rostov region;
- Stavropol region;
- Chechen Republic;
- The Republic of Ingushetia;
- Karachay-Cherkess Republic.
Gray-brown curved shoots of sweet cherries reach up to 5 mm in cross section. Intense shoot growth is inhibited by formative pruning... In annual seedlings, lower shoots are left, which later form skeletal branches.
Winter hardiness and frost resistance of the variety, makes it possible, at sub-zero temperatures up to 24 ° C, to lose up to 2/3 of the flower buds. This helps to preserve most of the crop. To a greater extent, the yield of the variety is high. Indicators of the yield of the variety in the southern regions, during 10 years of fruiting:
- Crimea: average - 62 kg, maximum level - 174 kg;
- Krasnodar region: medium - 24 - 32 kg.
Fruit characteristics
Large burgundy fruit, heart-shaped. Sweet and juicy reddish pulp, with a large bone... Fruit weight ranges from 7 to 9 grams. A small stalk is attached to the fruit.
The content of substances in fruits has the following composition:
- 13.5% - dry matter;
- 0.6% - free acids;
- 10.7% sugar;
- 0.21 mg - ascorbic acid.
The variety belongs to dessert varieties, suitable for canning.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The advantages of the variety include the following qualities:
- early ripening variety;
- large fruits;
- juicy and tasty fruit pulp;
- high productivity;
- suitability for canning;
- winter hardiness and frost resistance.
The disadvantages of the variety include only one property. - average resistance to fungal diseases.
Planting and leaving
For planting, cherry trees with good performance are selected.
Seedlings should be with the following parameters:
- age - 1 - 2 years;
- barrel diameter - 17 mm or more;
- lack of wrinkled bark;
- the presence of 3 - 4 branches, up to 40 cm in size;
- difference in the color of the scion and rootstock at the grafting site;
- roots without damage and growth;
- no broken branches.
The good quality of the seedlings is guaranteed by the specialized nurseries of the area.
The required time for planting cherries is early April, before the buds swell... At this time, the seedling takes root faster due to the warm sunny period of the year. It is not recommended to plant cherries in the autumn. The seedling will not be able to take root so quickly until winter.
It is not required to break off the buds in the crown area, which will subsequently give rise to new shoots.
The landing site is protected from drafts. Choose a sunny side on the site. An elevation is required or an artificial elevation is required for planting cherries... Pollinator trees are planted nearby for good fruiting. The distance between the trees is left up to 4 meters so that the trees can calmly spread the crown.
The occurrence of groundwater on the site should be up to 3 meters deep to avoid root rot.
The planting pit is prepared in the fall. The earth is dug up and 2 buckets of humus mixed with fertile soil are brought in. Prepared soil for planting seedlings, in the future will supply the roots with the necessary nutrition.
Good soils for the variety are loamy and sandy loam, which allow air and water to pass through.
Spring planting of a seedling takes place with successive stages:
- The earth is being dug from a prepared pit, up to 70 cm deep, 80 cm in diameter.
- A peg is driven into the center of the pit, for the support and stability of the seedling.
- Are brought to the bottom of the pit organic fertilizers in the form of compost or manure.
- Submit:
- potassium sulfate - 100 grams;
- superphosphate - 300 grams;
- ash - 1 kg.
- Add fertilizers earth.
- Spreading the roots, gently plunge a seedling into a hole.
- Holding the tree cover with earth, taking into account the location of the root collar above ground level by 5 cm.
- For even watering create a trunk circle to a depth of 5 cm. At the edges of the circle, make the earth in the form of a shaft.
- Tie up a seedling to the peg.
- Water the seedling water - 2 buckets.
- To mulch peat near-trunk circle.
Growing conditions
For the first 3 years, seedlings regularly water and loosen the soil. In this case, the penetration of water into depth is necessary at a distance of up to 40 cm, reaching the roots.
It is necessary to comply with the cherry watering schedule:
- before flowering;
- after flowering;
- before harvest in 3 weeks;
- in October.
It is not recommended to water the trees during the ripening of the fruit, due to the possible cracking of the berries.
Pruning of annual seedlings is carried out in the spring, and involves the following actions:
- shortening of seedlings at a height of 50 cm, with 4 - 5 developed kidneys;
- shortening of side shoots 1/3;
- finding central branch higher than the rest of the branches by 20 cm.
With a strong shortening of annual branches up to 40 cm, the growth of trees can increase, with inhibition of fruiting.
Crown formation in five-year-old trees stops, and pruning is subject to:
- tree height up to 3.5 meters;
- central branch and adjacent shoots, to a level exceeding the nearest horizontal branches by 20 cm;
- strong shootsthat are directed into the crown;
- tops vertically growing skeletal branches;
- side branches crowns.
Pruning affects the further growth of the crown and protects against pests and disease.
Every year it is required to increase the trunk circle up to 1 cm. The area of the circle is periodically renewed with a mulch coating... Also do loosening and weeding. In the spring and early summer, nitrogen fertilizers are used, which accelerate the growing season on trees. Fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium are applied in the autumn. The following fertilizers are required:
- dry urea - 120 g;
- urea solution - 30 grams per 1 bucket of water: May - June - 3 times, followed by loosening and watering.
For four-year-old trees the circular furrow is increased to 40 cm. This is due to the increase in the number of roots.
At this age, the trees require fertilization:
- early spring add dry urea - 150 grams and pour;
- in the fall add potassium sulfate - 100 grams, granular superphosphate - 300 grams.
Trees of the fifth year of life are fed:
- in spring –On 1 bucket of water - 30 grams of ammophos; urea - 200 grams - in the furrow;
- in the fall - for 1 tree - 20 kg of humus.
Fertilization should be carried out according to the timing and dosage so as not to delay the tying of tree shoots.
Preparation of cherries for the winter period consists in whitewashing trees... This will protect the trees from pests and diseases.
This event is carried out with a dilution of the composition for whitewashing, in 2 options to choose from:
- PVA glue - 2 tbsp. spoons, lime - 300 grams;
- water - 2 l, milk - 100 grams, copper sulfate and dust - 1 tbsp. spoon.
Be sure to cover the trees with spruce trees for the winter. Wrap the trunk and skeletal branches with burlap. The trunk circle is renewed with fresh peat. With proper and constant care, the harvest of the variety is obtained after planting the seedlings after five years, and then annually.... Fruiting occurs in early June. Average yield of trees 10 - 15 years is 62 kg.
Features of the variety
- The variety is a source of a multivitamin complex, containing flavonoids, carotene, pectins, sugar, is also enriched with micro and macro elements.
- Sweet cherry is an excellent remedy for spring beriberi... Traditional medicine uses cherries as a diuretic for the treatment of kidney disease. Tones the body, helping to reduce weight and improve the condition of the body.
- Thanks to cherry berries, the walls of the capillaries are strengthened, helping with hypertensive diseases. Due to the content of coumarin in cherries, the blood clotting limit is reduced. Helps treat anemia and the formation of blood clots and plaques.
- Weakened gastric motility can be restored by cherry juice... It stimulates the digestion process and helps with stomach pain. It also acts as a regulator by lowering blood cholesterol levels.
- Fruit stalks contribute to the regulation of cardiac activity... They have a beneficial effect on the body with irritation and neurosis.
Diseases and pests
The attractiveness of cherries is so great that it attracts people and various ailments with its fruits. Planting seedlings always requires special care for them. However, caring for cherries cannot fully guarantee the protection of trees from all misfortunes. In order to avoid the main diseases and pests with which cherries are encountered, the necessary information from the tables will help in the fight against them.
Name of the disease | Infection period | The manifestation of the disease | Control methods |
---|---|---|---|
Coccomycosis | Mid July - end of August | The appearance of spots on the leaves. Falling leaves. | Spray: 2 ml of "Skor" in a bucket of water; 3 g "Horus" per bucket of water (during the summer); |
Moniliosis (fruit rot) | The entire summer period, mainly during flowering. | It manifests itself mainly in light spots and begins to rot. | 2 ml "Topaz" in a bucket of water; 3 g of Horus per bucket of water. |
Clasterosporium disease (perforated spot) | All summer | The appearance of spots on the leaves, turning into holes. | 25 g "Ridomila" in a bucket of water. Processing of cut sites with vitriol. |
Pest name | Appearance period | Pest manifestation | Control methods |
---|---|---|---|
Cherry fly | May to June | Small worms on berries. | 10 ml "Fufanon" in a bucket of water; 2.5 ml "Kinmix" per bucket of water. |
Cherry weevil | May to June | The appearance of bugs on flowers. | 8 g "Aktara" for a bucket of water; 50 ml of "Lepidocide" in a bucket of water. Burning damaged leaves. |
Cherry shoot moth | In May | Appearance on flowers. | 1.5 g "Confidor" for a bucket of water. |
Cherry aphid | May to July | Finding aphids on leaves and pedicels. | 10 ml "Fufanon" in a bucket of water; Application: keep 200 g of ground garlic in water for 20 minutes. |
An excellent variety rightfully has great success with most fruit tree lovers, due to its amazing qualities... Proper care of cherries will give delicious fruits to all lovers of the variety with a worthy reward.