Grapes have always been famous for their wonderful taste and health benefits. There is a dark grape variety Codryanka, which is in demand on the market for its taste and presentation. Many gardeners take up the cultivation of this variety, what should you know to get a decent harvest? Further about the description of the variety.
Description of the grape variety Codrianka
The variety was obtained by hybrid crossing more than 50 years ago in Moldova. It became widespread in the USSR and abroad, where it is known under the name "Black Magic". The grape varieties "Moldova" and "Marshal" are the genetic basis of the variety.
Hereditary traits that were acquired from parental forms:
- frost resistance average (-23 ° С)
- the stems of the bunches are dense and strong, do not break off under the gravity of the fruit
- load on the main shoot is average
- large-fruited
- disease resistance
- early ripening (110 - 120 days, August, fruiting until late September early October)
- bushes grow strongly
Individual characteristics of the variety:
- moderate density and arrangement of clusters on the bush
- from 500 to 600 g weight of one bunch
- high yield (50 kg / ha)
- fruiting in the second year
Grapes in one place you can grow up to 30 years, if you monitor the composition of the soil and preserve moisture and nutrients as much as possible.
The grapes are suitable for growing in three regions of Russia: North Caucasian, Nizhnevolzhsky, Uralsky. Grows favorably in Ukraine, in the center and south of Belarus, as well as in Moldova.
Content of the main elements:
- Sugar content - 18 - 20%
- Acid content 6 - 7.5 g / l
- Water - 79.9%
- Proteins - 0.6 g / 100g
- Fat - 0.6 g / 100g
Characteristics of berries
- 1 - 2 seeds in one berry
- fruit weight 6 - 8 g
- berries do not fall off for a long time when ripe, last up to 25 days
- tendency to small formation of fruits, peas, in an unfavorable climate and care
- fruit height 3.2 cm, width 2 cm, elongated shape, ovoid
- berry color dark purple
- firm pulp
- fine skin with medium wax coating
- simple harmonious taste
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of the variety include, first of all:
- high yield
- well stored subject to optimal temperature and humidity
- transport damage is minimal
- withstands temperature - 23 ° С
- pleasant taste
- early ripening and long fruiting times
- resistance to diseases of grapes with mildew and gray rot
Minuses
- with inadequate care, small fruits are formed, which reduces the demand in the market. But using gibberellins, this problem is solved.
- requires shelter in regions where temperatures drop by more than -24 ° C, which incurs material costs
Planting culture
The grapes are mainly grown by cuttings.
Seed cultivation is practiced, but in this case the grapes will no longer be a Codryanka variety. It will have completely different characteristics and features, since pollination occurs during seed formation. And this leads to a change in genetic material. Breeders are engaged in growing grapes from seeds.
When buying planting material, in particular an annual seedling, you should pay attention to the appearance of the culture.
The seedling must meet the following requirements:
- the plant should not have any visible diseases, tumors and any mechanical damage
- the root system should have a well-developed main root and many small fibrous roots
- the main shoot should be even and strong, exceed the others in height and have a vertical direction
- there should be 2 - 3 healthy buds per plant
Site selection
Basic requirements for site selection:
- the site is well lit
- relief without obvious differences, landing on a slope of 11 - 12 ° is possible
- the soil on the site should not be saline
- groundwater is lower than all plant roots
- minimum amount of weeds
Planting seedlings
Planting of grapes can take place in spring, when the soil temperature is 10 °, or in autumn before frost. The month and day vary by region.
- A hole is dug 80 by 80 cm in size, twice the depth of the root system. In spring, holes are dug 14 days before disembarkation.
- The wells are set aside for 2 - 3 hours, while they are watered 3 - 4 times
- With the help of gravel, broken brick, or rubble, a drainage layer of 4 - 6 cm is created.
- Further, fertile soil is applied to the drainage, with the addition of organic and mineral fertilizers. The fertilizer application rate is indicated on the packages.
- The culture is lowered into a pit, leveling the roots, and covered with soil, making a depression around it.
- Abundant watering.
- On top there is a mulching layer - weed residues, straw.
Grape planting schemes
Let's look at two growing schemes:
Ordinary landing method
The culture is planted in a row of two plants in a checkerboard pattern. Row spacing 2.4 m, between plants 0.65 m. Or simply in a row one plant at a time, row spacing 2.5 m, between seedlings 1.5 - 2 m. This is a method for growing in the field.
Trellis planting method
In this case, the plant forms a green wall from the vineyard, the distance between plants is 1.5 m. Suitable for growing at home.
Care of young and mature vines
Watering is regular, performed as precipitation falls. 5 liters per plant, depending on the weather. Soil moisture should be monitored. Mineral fertilizers: in the spring it is necessarily nitrogen, after 20 days nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, after 30 days phosphorus potassium.
At the beginning of the ripening of grapes, do not add nitrogen, this will enhance the growth of green mass and weaken the development of fruits. They will lose their density and taste.
At the stage of the first year of life, it is necessary to carry out formative pruning to create the desired shape of the bush.
Care for mature vines is slightly different. Watering, fertilizing the same way. Cropping is different. There are mainly two types of pruning:
- Annual pruning is necessary to maintain the shape of the bush.
- Fitting pruning. It is carried out to replace old shoots with young ones.
- Sanitary pruning. Sick, non-viable shoots are removed.
Reproduction methods
Reproduction is done by layering and cuttings. In order to propagate the plant by cuttings, shoots with 2 - 3 buds are cut off, then rooted. For reproduction, shoots are removed from different parts of the plant by layering, they lean against the soil with their buds and fall asleep, the formation of roots occurs. After the formation of the roots and stem, the cut is cut off.
Diseases and pests
Damaged by disease: rubella, bacterial cancer, chlorosis, anthracnose, bacteriosis. There are specialized chemical and biological agents against these diseases.
Grapes are immune to mildew and gray rot diseases; prevention is recommended against these diseases. By treating plants with pesticides against these infectious principles, 2 times a year.
Insects harm: spider mite, phyloxera. With the help of correct annual soil treatment, the threshold of harmfulness of these insects is reduced.
At home, they use folk remedies in the fight against insects and diseases.
Codrianka grapes are an exceptional variety that will always be popular for their irreplaceable qualities and taste. Every amateur gardener can afford to cultivate this culture.