Diseases reduce bee productivity, reducing their activities, which leads to mass death. Although the protection of the life of bees is entrusted to the country's veterinarians, the most important healers are the beekeepers themselves.
Non-infectious diseases of bees
Non-infectious bee diseases - differ from infectious ones in that the damage they cause to the apiary is much higher. Such diseases cannot be determined by laboratory diagnostics., and the cause of the occurrence is improper care.
Pollen toxicosis
Disease of nurse bees, which arises from the consumption of pollen with toxic substances.
Insects weaken, fall to the bottom of the hive and die with convulsive symptoms... Due to the filling of the intestines with pollen, the belly of sick and dead bees is enlarged and when pressed, a dense brown substance appears.
To prevent the development of disease and death of insects, it is necessary to remove the beehive frames from the hives and feed the bees with 0.4-0.6 l syrup per hive for 3-4 days.
For disease prevention it is necessary to organize plots with honey plants. This will allow you to fill in the free moments in a certain area.
Nectar toxicosis
Non-infectious disease of bees, which is caused by toxic pollen and accompanied by the death of insects. It occurs when collecting pollen from larkspur, fighter, wolfberry, rhododendron and other plantings. Beekeepers determine the disease and death of bees only inside the hive. When infected, bees initially experience anxiety, then weakening and loss of the ability to fly. Because of this, the wings, abdomen, legs and antennae are paralyzed.
For treatment use complementary foods with 33% syrup. Infected insects are collected, covered with a thin layer in an empty hive and left in a warm place.
For preventionand, in the absence of a bribe, mustard, phacelia and other honey plants are planted on the territory.
Chemical toxicosis
Intoxication of bees with poisonous substances, which are used in pest control. This disease manifests itself immediately after spraying the area in the area of bees activity. Infected insects crawl through the apiary, in hives, falling from walls and combs. There is an upset stomach, fluid from the mouth, lack of food in the intestines and goiter.
In such cases, honeycombs are taken from the hive and processed into wax.... Sick insects are fed with syrup for 3-4 days.
For prevention diseases of bees, during the processing of fields and gardens, are taken out for 5 km and left in a cool place.
Alimentary dystrophy or starvation
Metabolic disorders due to lack of feed... This ends with the death of the brood and the bees themselves. On examination, one should pay attention to young growth of small size - they have poorly developed belly and wings. Such bees should be disposed of immediately after identifying the problem, taking them outside the apiary.
During treatment, insects are provided with food - sugar syrup, honey and more. It is necessary to observe the rules of hygiene at work, the health of the swarm and the preservation of the entire apiary depend on it.
To insure against infestation, the hives should be located in a dry area, and insects should be provided with the necessary amount of high quality complementary foods.
Steaming bees
Death of mature bees and brood due to increased temperature and moisture... The disease occurs when insects are excited in a closed hive, poor ventilation and tightness during transportation.
Having become infected, insects emit a hum, the walls of the hive and ceiling boards are very hot. Examining the family, they find many dead or dying bees and torn honeycombs.
Treatment consists of opening the hive quickly to allow the bees to fly out.... The bottom of the box should be cleaned of bee pestilence and pieces of honeycomb.
For prevention steaming, families leave the required amount of sealed, leave more space inside and prevent direct sunlight.
Honeydew toxicosis of bees
Bee disease that occurs when eating honeydew honey and ends death of insects and brood.
When this disease appears dark brown spots appear on the combs and walls of the hive - bee stool.
For summer treatment, use complementary foods from sugar syrup 1-1.5 liters, and in winter - honey from herbs, or refined sugar, slightly dipped in water; hives are set up much earlier - for cleaning flights and providing high-quality food for insects.
For prevention, in the absence of a bribe, the territory of the flyby of the bees is sown with honey vegetation or the hives are taken to the zone of abundant planting.
Infectious diseases of bees and their signs
Infectious diseases of bees - a list of diseases, the source of which are pathogenic microbes, viruses and fungus of plant origin. The main sign of an infectious disease - sick bee colonies infect healthy ones.
Axospherosis
Disease caused by fungus askofera, infects drone larvae and bees of 4-5 days of age.
In case of illness mummified brood corpses appear, look like fragments of chalk or lime. Mature insects are not infected with this disease, but are carriers of it.
For treatment, medications are used, as well as feeding with syrup with the addition of 10 ml of 5% iodine per liter of liquid.
For preventive measures:
- keep the hive on the sun;
- remove affected honeycomb;
- don't give downloaded honey;
- spend disinfection with 10% hydrogen peroxide and formic acid;
- burn flooded honeycomb and pestilence.
Aspirgelles
Infectious disease of larvae and mature beeswhich leads to drying out and death. The fungus of this disease is brought into the hive by bees with pollen.
When infected with a virus, the dead brood shrivels and hardens. The color fades and changes to yellow, becoming covered with black and white bloom. Initially, insects are excited, after - they lose strength, and the abdomen hardens.
Medicines are used in treatment, remove all the pestilence and treat the hives with 10% hydrogen peroxide and 0.5% boric acid. The bees are given complementary foods.
For prevention insects are kept in dry hives, provided with sufficient food. The earth under the hives is dug up with lime, treated with a 4% formaldehyde solution. All robots are carried out in the evening, in calm weather.
Diseases and parasites on bees do great harm to the apiary, and can completely destroy it.
Paratyphoid
Serious contamination of bee colonies by a number of bacteria. One of which is the alveya. The disease is transmitted from infected bees to healthy ones.
When damaged by microbes, the stomach suffers first. This can be detected by looking at the excrement of bees. They become fetid and semi-liquid.
Sick bees are fed with a special medicinal food... This requires a water composition containing 100 thousand units of biomycin or 0.2 g of chloramphenicol. It is necessary to combine 40-50 ml of solution with a liter of heated syrup. Feed is given 3-4 times a day. After 5 days, you should take a break.
For prevention I treat the hives with 10% hydrogen peroxide and boric acid. The whole pestilence and cleansed frames are burned.
Viral paralysis in bees
Pathology that affects the nervous system of insects and paralyzes the entire body. The disease is transmitted from infected insects to healthy ones. Germ carrier - a parasitic mite that settles on the body of bees.
The first signs of infection appear 5-10 days after infection. The bees lose their strength, which leads to death. The duration of the paralysis ranges from 7 days to 3 months.
The main thing is to isolate the weakened family in order to prevent infection of the rest. Treatment is performed as follows: the apiary is declared quarantine for 1 year, the bee plague and honeycombs with frames are burned.
To prevent infection, at the beginning of summer, bees are fed with sugar syrup, with biomycin and tetracycline. In early spring - bacterial endonuclease combined with 1 g of magnesium chloride. The honeycomb is treated with this mixture 4 times every 7 days.
Septicmia
Transmitting infectious disease that infects mature bees. The infection spreads within a couple of hours, which leads to the death of insects.
Infected bees are initially agitated, then wither, move slowly, and then freeze. When the bee squeezes, it crumbles.
Treatment for septicemia: bees are moved to treated dry hives, frames with unprinted honey are removed. The boxes are insulated. The bees are fed 1: 1 medicated syrup of sugar and water.
Before the start of the season, the hives must be treated with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
European foulbrood
Infectious disease of open and printed brood. The source of the disease is already infected bees. After infection, insects become lethargic, after which they die.
Treatment produced by combining with the distillation of families. Sherbet is used for feed, mixed with various antibiotics, 2-3 times a day.
The infected combs are disposed of, and the hives are disinfected.
Contagious diseases and treatments
Contagious diseases transmitted by transmission from various apiaries of infected tools and boxesas well as buying infected queens.
Varroatosis
Infectious quarantine disease caused by the Varroa-Jacobsoni mite.
In winter, infected bees are restless and need a lot of complementary foods. You can see the pest using white paper, on which pests fall.
Treatment options for varroatosis:
- chemical - This is the treatment of bee colonies with special preparations;
- thermal method it is recommended to carry out in autumn after brood emergence.
Prevention of varroatosis:
- anti-varroatous early spring treatments, after the exhibition of the hives in place;
- evening processing families against varroatosis.
Braulez
A disease in which bee colonies are affected by lice... The louse is a pest for bees and brood. She lives on their body, especially on the body of the uterus, while greatly disturbing them.
For treatment, tobacco smoke is used... Lice from the body of the queens should be eliminated with the help of tobacco smoke, and it is also recommended to put 6-10 g of naphthalene on top of the frames at night, and cover the bottom with white paper. In the morning, all lice will be visible.
For prevention hives are processed annually before the exhibition.
Nosematosis of bees
Disease of bee colonies, caused by a unicellular pest - nozema... The route of infection is alimentary. Insects have diarrhea and mass death during the wintering period.
Treatment carried out using 20.0 g of fumagillin, diluted in 25 liters of heated sugar syrup. The course of treatment is 3 weeks.
For the prevention of nosematosis strong families with a large number of young animals are selected for wintering. Medicines are prohibited, since feeding is poorly realized and the medication loses its properties.
Bee amoebiasis
An invasive disease arising from the parasitism of the amoeba Malpighamoeba mellifica. The parasites enter the bee's organism with the help of food or water.
On examination, bees become lethargic, have diarrhea and increased mortality.
Treatment carried out using 20.0 g of fumagillin, diluted in 25 liters of heated sugar syrup. The course of treatment is 3 weeks.
For the prevention of nosematosis strong families with a large number of young animals are selected for wintering. Medicines are prohibited, since feeding is poorly realized and the medication loses its properties.
Bee acarapidosis
Tick-borne infestation of bee colonies by the parasite Acarapis Woodi.
Pronounced signs of infection can be seen in early spring during the primary emergence of bees. Infected insects die, falling to the ground, gathering in heaps or slowly crawling.
During treatment use drug smoke. Smoke is best done early in the morning, when the bees have not yet emerged.
For prevention the apiary is quarantined within a radius of 5-7 km. The quarantine is lifted one year after the complete elimination of the disease.
Diseases of bees cause significant losses to beekeepers, so every beekeeper is obliged to know the main pathologies that can harm his “wards”.