Currently, small areas are allocated for garden plots, on which it is not possible to leave land fallow, but it is also problematic to observe crop rotation. Every gardener or gardener realizes that growing organic fruits and vegetables for their family requires certain skills. Despite this, that it is easier to buy and apply fertilizers to the soil, many prefer to apply humus to the soil, which they made on their own.
What is humus
- a kind of fertile land that consists of rotted manure and weed plant residues, excess previously planted cultivated plants, hollow stems of annual flowers and sunflower, fallen leaves.
- this is priming wherein many beneficial nutrients, it is used for growing and feeding seedlings of cultivated plants and vegetables, increasing the growth of shrubs and trees, extending the flowering period of indoor flowers, is an organic fertilizer and provides value for application as fertilizer.
- by the appearance of humus, it is a porous dark brown soil, without a sharp, putrid smell, loosened, plant residues should not be present in it.
The resulting organic fertilizer must be applied with caution under some annual flowers (since a large dose of fertilizer promotes abundant leaf growth), and flowering slows down.
Varieties
Sheet
Collecting fallen leaves in rainy autumn weather is a laborious process, but the result obtained after obtaining humus from them justifies the effort invested.
It is advisable to collect fallen leaves with a fan rake, and then place them in specially prepared containers, it can be plastic bags for soda waste, large Trash bags or a fine mesh metal mesh fence in the form of an open top box.
Along the perimeter in the walls of plastic bags, it is necessary to provide holes and after sealing with leaves pour plenty of water and tie (urea can be added), it is necessary to store the bags in a secluded place (or even in a cellar) where plants are not planted.
After collecting leaves in autumn under the trees pests do not startand diseases do not develop that prevent them from growing and growing a good harvest.
In this humus there are few nutrients and trace elements, but when introduced into the soil, it retains moisture at the roots (especially in dry weather), favorably affects the reproduction of earthworms, which loosen the soil and contribute to equipping it with air.
Additionally, leaf humus is used to shelter vegetable crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, soil mulching is created, which prevents drying out, acidifies the soil and is a conditioner, can also be used as a cultivator for indoor plants and previously prepared humus to shelter flowers and vineyards in winter (protects against freezing).
Fruit tree leaves are cooked like humus about one year, and acicular (conifers) during 2-3 years (when preparing them, it is advisable to grind them). Loose humus is obtained from leaves within 1.5 - 3 years.
For air intake, the leaves must be mixed periodically.
From manure
Manure humus is a type of fertile land obtained from concentrated decomposed manure.
Manure humus is formed from animal waste, plant feed residues and animal bedding that decomposes for a long time, should not have a strong odor, loose, earthy color and is used as a good organic fertilizer.
How humus is used as fertilizer
In the spring, fertilizing from humus is applied to the holes and grooves before planting seeds and seedlings, you can also feed the soil of vegetables planted in autumn (garlic, carrots, onions). A large percentage of this fertilizer is applied to boxes or greenhouses where seedlings are dived as a mulching agent and fertilizing of the planted seedlings.
It is better to bring humus under trees, bushes and potatoes in the fall, and for vegetable crops, on the contrary, it is required to make before digging, that is, in the spring.
If the manure humus has not rotted enough, then large parts of the manure can be soaked in a container with water (1: 1), let it brew for a week and water the bushes with the finished solution as a liquid fertilizer (water gently, pouring under the root is not recommended).
You can apply manure in the fall, scatter it under the snow, but after the snow melts, a large number of weeds appear, which will need to be removed and weeded to prevent overgrowing.
Work with manure is carried out with gloves.
To prepare organic fertilizer from manure, it is necessary to level the pile until it becomes loose and leave for 5-7 days for "fermentation", in the future, a heap with manure is covered with earth thick up to 10 cm and covered with a film (to maintain high nutritional value). In the spring, the land is removed, and the film is left.
Making additional fertilizer with your own hands
At a summer cottage or a personal plot, you can prepare "mixed" humus.
- Digging in a secluded place pit in the ground (size 1.5 m2, and about 0.5 m deep).
- The walls are laid with iron (you can use it) or the remains of slate.
- We fold the grass from weeding, you can remnants of food of plant origin, as well as add a little bird or other manure that is available.
- Sprinkle with earth and water while adding the herb.
- At the end of the summer period, it is advisable to perform work on mixing the future humus laid in the pit.
To obtain fertile compost within one year it is not recommended to add large roots, especially from old strawberry bushes, as they are dense and it is better to dry and burn them, and then use the ash for feeding (especially when planting cabbage).
Self-prepared compost fertilizer saves money and is a valuable fertilizer.
This type of fertilization is important for feeding bushes, trees, all plants, since the land becomes more fertile, the structure of the soil increases, has a positive effect on the content of nutrients in the grown products, and increases the amount of the grown crop without harmful and toxic impurities.