Monarch grape is a unique variety that will always delight with its pleasant sweet taste. This grape variety is successfully used in winemaking, thanks to its sophisticated aroma. Description and characteristics of the vine and berries are presented below.
Description of the Monarch grape variety
The monarch was obtained by crossing the Cardinal and Talisman grapes by the famous modern breeder E.G. Pavlovsky, who lives in the Krasnodar Territory. When breeding the variety, the genetic material of various varieties was used in the form of mixed pollen. The pollen was used to process the stigmas of the parental forms.
The main criteria for a fruit crop:
- Yield very high. A maximum of 8 kg was obtained from one bush.
- Refers to medium early varieties, ripening period 124 - 136 days... The month depends on the region, mainly from the end of August to September.
- Monarch variety not included in the State Register breeding achievements. There is no official information about cultivation in this or that region. There are notes that grapes grow in the cold and warm climate of Russia.
- Bears fruit for about a month, growing in one place for about 9 to 24 years.
- Sugar content of fruits - 15 - 18 g / 100 ml; acidity - 4 - 5 g / l.
Characteristics of berries
- Oval the form, ovoid
- Berry size large, on average 35 by 28 mm
- Weight berries on average 22g, reaches 35g
- Coloration light green, saturated. Ripe fruits change color to light yellow with small red spots on the sides
- Seed in berries 1 - 3 pieces
- The fruits don't give in temperature changes, do not rot
- Taste juicy sweet
- Medium-density peel, crunches nicely
- Aesthetic appearance
Advantages and disadvantages
The positive qualities of Monarch grapes include:
- Good frost resistance, withstands temperatures up to - 23 ° С
- Excellent survival rate of seedlings and cuttings when breeding varieties
- Possesses exquisite aroma and taste
- Early
- Little damaged during transportation
- High yield
- High resistance to mildew and gray rot
- Relatively large shelf life
- Taste qualities do not depend on moisture, temperature
- Self-pollinated variety, which allows him to successfully bear fruit in greenhouses
- Rapid build up vegetative mass
- Are not formed peas
Negative characteristics of the variety:
- Has no immunity to phytopathological diseases - powdery mildew, powdery mildew
- If pruning during flowering the ovaries crumble strongly, it is also worth not planting a plant in an area subject to wind
- Shelter for the winter in regions where the temperature drops below minus 20 ° С
Planting a plant
Grapes should be planted with annual seedlings, it can also be grown from seeds. But this is a long process and not always successful.
Seat selection
If nightshades, horseradish, corn, sorrel, parsley, clematis, calendula, etc. (compatibility of crops with each other) are already growing on the site, then you should not plant grapes nearby.
This culture loves the sun and does not tolerate shading. Therefore, the south or west side of the site is suitable. You need to choose a place protected from the wind.
Planting time is suitable for both autumn (October) and spring (April, May).
Recommended soil and planting
The soil for the culture must be fertile, black soil is perfect. In grapes, the root system develops up to one and a half meters, this means that the groundwater must lie below this horizon. Soil with poor air permeability is not suitable for growing grapes, for example, clayey or waterlogged.
Before planting, you must carefully inspect the seedling for mechanical damage, diseases and insect damage. If any, you need to get rid of them.
Planting a plant:
- Landing pit should be 70 by 70 cm for an annual seedling, the depth is exactly two heights of the root system.
- Previously, you can water the pitto let the soil settle, then leave it for 2 - 3 hours
- A drainage layer is poured into the pit, grapes love rocky soils where moisture and air pass well
- Then the drainage is covered with soil (with fertilizers applied) and plant a plant on top, spreading the roots along the formed hill
- They bury a hole by ramming the soil and making a ditch, to accumulate moisture.
- Mulch, recommended by the remnants of weeds
- Watering
Landing patterns
There are several ways to arrange grapes. On home plots, grapes are most often allowed to curl along the wall of the gazebo, or with the help of it they create a shady space by installing horizontal trellises.
There are two popular ways to place culture:
- Shpalerny way
- Field way
With the help of trellises it is possible to adjust the height and width of the vineyard suitable for private plots.
The field method speaks for itself, there are also trellises. But vineyards are located in a long row, occupying huge plantations. The height does not exceed 1.5 meters.
Plants should be more than 1 m apart when planting.
Care
Plant care:
- Watering is carried out depending on climatic conditions. It is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil and the plant, as well as draw up an irrigation schedule, where precipitation will also be taken into account.
- Application of mineral fertilizers 4 times a season. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the spring; then repeat at the beginning of years; potassium, phosphorus at the end of summer; repeat in late autumn.
- Organic fertilization under the mulching layer, twice in the spring, 2 times in the summer.
- Three types of cropping: sanitary, at the beginning of development - formative and rejuvenating in the old vineyard.
Reproduction methods
Reproduction takes place in a vegetative and generative way. Generative reproduction is seed formation. Vegetative propagation using cuttings and layering.
Also, to create a more hardy and strong plant, grafting of one variety onto another is used. So, for example, grapes of the best taste cannot fully develop in arid zones. In order for it to bear fruit well, it should be grafted onto wild grapes with a more powerful horse system.
Diseases and pests
The most dangerous disease for grapes is powdery mildew. To combat it, there are chemical, biological and folk methods that can be used at small volumes.
Vineyard pests: turkish skosar, biennial grape leafworm, grape variegated, grape mealy worm, garden spider mite. Pest control consists in compliance with agrotechnical standards, if necessary, the use of biological and chemical preparations.
It should be concluded that Monarch grapes are easy to grow and have a lot of positive qualities... It is significantly difficult to work with this variety because it is not zoned, hence the difficulty in choosing a suitable region.