Deficiency of nitrogen in plants leads to poor bud development, frail and undeveloped shoots, scanty leaves, and early shedding of leaves. Urea will help to correct the situation. What is it for and what to do with it? We will talk about its application and processing of the garden and vegetable garden further.
What is Urea?
It is a mineral fertilizer with a high nitrogen concentration. It is used as a main or additional top dressing for various crops.
Urea is the first organic compound to be obtained by chemical reactions from inorganic substances.
After the introduction of urea, the plants grow well and bear fruit abundantly. Pests such as weevils, aphids and copperheads disappear after spraying.
The purple spot will recede from fruit trees and shrubs if they are treated with a solution in early spring and late autumn.
Carbamide and urea: are they the same thing or not?
In fact, these are two names of one fertilizer. At first, it was synthesized from cattle urine by evaporation, the resulting substance was called urea.
Urea is the scientific name for a chemical compound that is currently being produced.
Fertilizer is a small white granules that dissolve well in warm water.
Composition and properties of the drug
Carbamide is a highly concentrated nitrogen fertilizer that contains no nitrates. Its use is preferable at the stage of plant development. If you use it at the stage of bud formation, then later you can lose it in the harvest.
The positive properties of the fertilizer:
- Not capable of causing burns to plants when sprayed.
- Increases the autumn harvest of fruits in horticultural and fruit crops.
- Excellent fight against parasites and infectious agents.
- It is absorbed by plants in a short time.
- The concentration of nitrogen in plant cells increases within two days after spraying.
- Able to slow down flowering and reduce the risk of flowers falling off in freezing.
- Increases the amount of protein in crops.
- Practically does not wash out into the lower layers of the earth.
- Decomposes slowly in soil.
- Easily dissolves, leaves no residue.
Negative sides of carbamide:
- Reduces seed germination if there is too much of it in the soil.
- Able to harm young seedlings if used improperly.
- Stored at certain established rates.
- Poorly combined with many elements.
Combination with other fertilizers
It is not recommended to mix urea with alkaline fertilizers, since after a chemical reaction, ammonia is released and nitrogen disappears.
If you combine urea and powdered superphosphate, the properties of these fertilizers change. This can be avoided by first adding limestone, bone or phosphate rock to the superphosphate.
You can store a mixture of urea and:
- sodium and potassium nitrate;
- manure;
- potassium chloride;
- potassium sulfate;
- ammonium nitrate.
Before fertilizing garden and fruit and berry plants, urea can be mixed with phosphate rock, superphosphate, ammonium sulfate.
In no case should urea and ash, lime fertilizers, calcium nitrate be combined.
Instructions for using the solution
Scattering carbamide granules around the garden will not give the expected results, because under the influence of air, its compounds disintegrate. Maximum efficiency is achieved if it is applied to the soil. Air access to ammonium carbonate will be limited, as a result, nutrients will get to plants.
Urea is suitable for use on all types of soil.
All plants have different nutrient requirements. Therefore, it is recommended to prepare the urea solution for each crop separately.
In the fall, it can only be used in an empty garden, as it can harm perennials and winter varieties of onions and garlic. But experts consider it inappropriate to use it at this time, due to the fact that urea quickly decomposes, and some of the substances evaporate.
Fertilizer is best applied in spring for active growth and development of plants. Top dressing with a solution is effective in wet soil. In granules, it is used for digging and loosening.
Breeding
To prepare the solution, it is necessary to dilute the granules with 2 liters of water. Stir until completely dissolved, then add water to the required volume.
Spraying and processing the garden
During the period of plant growth, it is better to use urea spraying, which is carried out at sunrise or sunset, in calm weather.
Fruit trees and shrubs are sprayed with a more concentrated solution than herbaceous plants.
To destroy overwintered pests, you need to process the trees until buds appear, when the average daily temperature is set at + 5 ° C.
During the period of leaf fall, you can spray trees that have infectious diseases, as well as their fallen leaves. This is necessary so that next year's cultures do not get sick.
Application rates in horticulture
For vegetables, flowers and berries per 1m2 :
- roses, irises, calla lilies, hyacinths, hippeastrum - 5-10 gr.;
- cucumbers and peas - 6-9 gr.;
- squash, eggplant and zucchini - 10-12 gr.;
- peppers, tomatoes, cabbage, beets, potatoes, onions and garlic - 19-23 gr.;
- strawberries - 13-20 gr.
For fruit and berry crops per plant:
- young pears and apple trees - 150 gr.;
- fruiting pears and apple trees - 200-250 gr.;
- young plums, cherries, berry bushes - 70 gr.;
- fruiting plums and cherries - 120-140 gr.
Urea is a very effective fertilizer in horticulture. They can feed plants and soil, destroy pests, and protect crops from diseases. For best results, dilute a 5% solution according to the instructions, and also try not to scatter it around the garden.... It should be remembered that it is useful for plants in the spring during the period of green mass gain, and for the prevention of diseases and pests - after the first autumn leaf fall.