Grapes are a decoration of every summer cottage. You can talk endlessly about its beneficial properties. Without a doubt, there is hardly a person who is indifferent to this berry. In order for the grapes to please with a rich harvest and excellent taste, it is necessary to properly plant the bushes in the ground with shanks or plant by cuttings.
Choosing a good place for planting seedlings
When choosing a place to plant, the following factors must be considered:
- any place for growing grapes in the open field must well lit by the sun's rays and be protected from the wind;
- a house wall or a fence on the south side will serve as a good shelter for grapes. In the cold season, this will give the grapes extra warmth and protect against gusts of wind;
- the soil should good water and air permeability, and is also rich in useful substances;
- you should not plant grapes next to trees, as there will always be competition between them for nutrients;
- when planning the planting of grapes, it is important to remember the advice that the distance between the bushes not less than 2.5 meters, and the row spacing is about 3 meters... This will allow the bushes to grow and develop fully. In addition, adherence to the correct planting will help avoid infection with fungal diseases.
Autumn landing should be carried out from mid-October to the onset of frost.
Benefits of autumn planting in open ground
Planting seedlings in the fall has several advantages:
- the choice of seedlings is more varied, since fairs for the sale of the most elite varieties are held in the autumn;
- prices for planting material by an order of magnitude cheaper than spring prices;
- the soil in the fall is sufficiently moist, which greatly facilitates the rooting and development of young seedlings;
- there is no need for storage, accordingly the risk of diseases is reduced;
- the soil accumulates heat all summer, and then for a long period of time it gives this heat to the roots of the plant, despite the frosts;
- growing seedlings in the cold season hardens the plant, thereby developing strong immunity. Subsequently, the autumn ones will easily tolerate the temperature drops to -22 degrees;
- with the onset of spring, awakening and active growth immediately occur, thereby reduced susceptibility to disease and pests.
There are also a number of disadvantages that must also be considered:
- not all varieties tolerate an abundance of precipitation well;
- damage to the root system by rodents is possible;
- necessary take into account temperature differences, since untimely planting can cause the young vine to freeze out.
Ways of planting grapes in autumn
You can carry out the autumn planting of grapes with seedlings and cuttings. To get a good harvest, you need to choose the right seedlings.
To choose seedlings follows the following criteria:
- Seedling trunk not less than 50 cm and be brown;
- One or more processes are required. The length of the shoot does not matter;
- The root system must be well developed and must have upper and lower nodes;
- Root length - not less than 15 cm;
- The color of the roots is white, the root itself is wet;
- The seedling should not be in the sun;
- The color of the grape leaves should be saturated... If the leaves are pale in color, this indicates that the seedling is grown in a greenhouse. Such seedlings do not have hardening and may not survive the winter.
When buying seedlings, check it for fungal diseases and pest damage. Planting an infected seedling will not be beneficial.
Planting a seedling - step by step instructions
Before starting planting, the seedlings must be prepared according to step-by-step instructions:
- Before boarding, you must soak seedlings in cold water for a day... You can even do this on a windowsill at home. A root growth stimulant can be added to the water, but this can be poorly displayed on the vine during further cultivation;
- Further, after pulling out the seedling for propagation from the water, we carefully examine it, cut off the top of the green mass with sharp scissors, leaving only no more than 4 eyes.
- Cut off the roots of the upper node completely, and shorten the roots of the lower node by 1 cm. This procedure is performed in order to stimulate growth;
- For the prevention of fungal diseases, before planting, treat the seedlings with antifungal drugs. For these purposes, the drug "Dnoka" is suitable.
Preparing a planting pit for planting a vine
Planting pits must be prepared step by step two weeks before planting. When planting, be sure to take into account what grapes love fertile black soil... The width of the hole in diameter should be not less than 80 cm, pit depth not less than 1 meter.
The distance between the planting pits must be at least 2.5 meters. This will ensure a comfortable growth of the bush and will allow you to get a sufficient amount of nutrients from the soil.
Pour a layer on the bottom of the pit expanded clay... It will serve as a drainage layer and protect the roots from excess moisture. A tube is inserted into the drainage layer, with the help of which it will be possible to carry out root watering and feeding of the seedling.
When digging a hole, it is necessary to fold the top layer of soil, which is 1/3 of the excavated soil, separately. This soil will be used to prepare the nutrient mixture. In another pile, we fold the remaining soil. Next, you need to pour a layer of nutrient soil 40 cm thick.
Prepare the soil as follows:
- black soil - 5 buckets;
- ash - 1 liter;
- phosphate fertilizer - 150 grams;
- manure - 2 buckets.
Mix these ingredients well and put them in the pit. After laying, we water the soil and leave it for two weeks to shrink the earth.
The day before planting it is necessary soak the seedling in the honey solution... It will be a natural stimulator of root growth.
Correct landing distance and care conditions
When landing, important criteria are:
- planting depth;
- how the upper eye of the seedling is located;
- distance to honey saplings.
During planting, it is necessary to spread the roots well and turn the seedling so that the buds are on the north side, and the root heel is on the south.
With this planting, the deepening of the root system will be 35-40 cm... This will be enough to keep the root from freezing. Having deepened the seedling, we fall asleep with the remains of the soil, dug out of the hole and mixed in advance with coarse sand. It is necessary to fulfill one more nuance, thanks to which the root system will develop well.
During planting, the roots are first lowered to the bottom and then slightly raised. This will allow the roots to straighten well and assume a natural position.
The roots must be located tilted 45 degrees... If this procedure is not followed, the roots are deformed and die off. Consequently, until new roots grow, the plant stops its development and the seedling does not receive nutrients from the soil during this period.
Then the seedling must be watered. Watering in progress once after landing... Water consumption per bush is from 20 to 30 liters... Watering is best done through a drainage tube. It is necessary in order to remove all air voids and thereby provide the roots with better contact with the ground.
After landing it is necessary mulch a planting pit this can be done with pine branches, straw or sawdust. Next to the seedling, it is necessary to drive a peg and tie a young shoot to it with a soft fabric rope - these are the basic rules of post-plant care.
Preparing for winter
After planting, it is necessary to properly prepare the seedlings for winter. When frost comes, it is necessary carry out covering works... If the grapes grow in a warm region, for example, in the Crimea or the Krasnodar Territory, then it will be enough to cover it with a layer of soil, 30 to 50 cm thick.
To prevent the layer in the form of a tubercle from being washed away by rain, it is covered with polyethylene. Polyethylene is reinforced on top with boards so that it does not blow off gusts of wind. After the snow falls, the grapes are covered with snow, which will provide additional protection from frost.
In colder regions, the insulation of seedlings is approached with special care. Them wrapped in polyethylene and laid in earthen tunnels. Top covered with pine branches, sawdust or hay. However, the main thing with warming seedlings is not to overdo it. Grapes covered with such care can dry out when warming occurs.
Another disadvantage of early hiding is that in the ground grapes can be damaged by rodents and harmful insects. Experienced growers are advised to cover the grapes after the first frost. Thus, the seedling will be hardened.
Autumn planting of grapes by cuttings
You can propagate grapes by cuttings that are obtained in the process of autumn pruning. Leave as cuttings healthy shoots at the age of one yearwith mustaches and stepchildren removed and with at least three or four well-developed buds.
It is recommended to plant cuttings from late October to early November. Cuttings are planted in a specially prepared area intended for growing cuttings for seedlings.
The soil must be wet... It is better to plant cuttings in trenches. Trenches are dug in advance.
The width and depth of the trench will be equal to the width of the shovel (per bayonet). Row spacing should be 40 cm... We cover the bottom of the trench with humus, plant the cuttings at an angle to the southern part at a distance 15 cm apart... After planting, it is necessary to water with water at room temperature.
Above the cuttings you need to build frame 35-40 cm high and stretch polyethylene over it. In such a greenhouse, the seedlings will be protected from wind and frost and will safely survive the winter.
In the spring, when the frosts pass and shoots begin to appear on the cuttings, it is necessary to open the polyethylene for a while to ventilate them. As soon as the heat is established and there is no threat of frost, the polyethylene must be removed.
If all the planting rules were followed, then a healthy, powerful vine will grow from the cuttings, which will quickly adapt to temperature changes and easily and without loss endure wintering.