Growing raspberries is considered easy by some. But many don't know to grow a rich and tasty berry harvest, you need to know some secrets planting and caring for this seemingly undemanding crop.
Growing raspberries in the country
Where to plant?
By choosing the right place for planting raspberry bushes, you will provide yourself with a stable harvest of tasty and aromatic berries.
Usually gardeners allocate the most wasteful places for planting. It is not right. The harvest is insignificant.
For the berry to be sweet, you need the sun... Raspberry is a moisture-loving plant. Therefore, you need to choose the places for it:
- Solar.
- Protected from the winds.
- Wet, but not swampy (it's good if in this place a lot of snow accumulates in winter).
- With a fertile soil layer.
When is the best time to plant - in autumn or spring?
Raspberry bushes can be planted in any warm season, but the best time for planting is still autumn.
In autumn, the best ratio of temperature and humidity. Bushes rooted in autumn grow faster in spring and get sick less.
When planting in spring, the plant takes root for a long time. and the survival rate is less than in the autumn planting.
Preparing the soil for raspberry bushes must be done in advance. If the bushes are planted in the fall, then planting pits are prepared a month before disembarkation.
For spring planting, pits are prepared in the fall. Saplings not planted for some reason should be buried in the fall. In the spring, it is important to have time to plant the buried plants before the buds awaken.
Basic methods
Raspberries are planted on the site trench, pit or hole method... And the method according to the Sobolev method is also interesting. What is the difference?
Trench
Raspberries, planted in a trench, saves time on caring for her... Less watering, it is convenient to cover for the winter, the yield of berries increases.
Trench landing rules:
- Choose a well-lit place.
- For uniform illumination of the raspberry tree, direct the trenches from north to south.
- The length of the trenches is arbitrary, but the depth is 60-70 cm and the width is 40-50 cm.
- If there are more than one rows, then the distance between them is at least 1.5 m.
- Heavy loamy soil needs to be lightened. Pour a layer of 10-15 cm of gravel or sand at the bottom of the trench. Mix the soil with humus. Spread mineral fertilizers on top of it for 1 sq m:
- 200 grams of phosphorus;
- 60-70 grams of potash;
- 300-400 grams of wood ash.
- you can use complex fertilizers: 200 grams of nitroammofosk or nitrophoska.
- Mix everything thoroughly again. Top up with 10 cm of fertile soil. Leave 30-40 cm of free space to the top of the ditch.
- Reinforce the edges with bumpers. They should not crumble. Suitable for strengthening: boards, roofing felt or polycarbonate.
- Install T-shaped posts from the ends of the trench. Height 1 m.
- Tension 2 rows of wire. From the ground 30-40 cm and along the top of the posts.
- Plant the seedlings in one line with a distance of 1 m between the plants.
- Dig holes. Place the plant. Cover with soil. For the plant to stand firmly, compact the soil around the bole.
- Water in two steps, in small portions, until the soil is completely saturated with moisture. After watering, it is recommended to mulch the soil around the raspberries. This will prevent it from drying out and save you the hassle of weeding and loosening. Peat, humus, pine needles or compost are suitable as mulch.
- Saplings should be tied to a wire as they grow. Start the garter from the lower tiers.
The trench method of growing raspberries is effective, but optional and suitable for a large raspberry tree.
Dimple
If you have a small amount of raspberries, then it is more advisable to plant them in a dimple or by a bush method followed by fan-shaped crown formation. Pits should be prepared two weeks before planting.
Landing rules:
- Dig holes 35-40 cm deep and wide.The distance between the holes is from 0.6 m to 1 m.
- Fill with fertile soil:
- 5-6 kg of humus;
- 150 grams of double superphosphate;
- 50 grams of potassium sulfate;
- 200 grams of wood ash.
- Pour the mixture to the bottom of the pit, and put 10 cm of plain soil on top.
- Place a barrier around the perimeter of the raspberry tree. Boards, roofing felt, slate or polycarbonate will do.
- Trim the roots of the Sanzhenians until they are healthy. Cut off shoots. Leave 35-40 cm.
- Lower the plant, spread the roots and cover with soil. Seal around the stem.
- During planting, the root collar should be 3-4 cm higher than the soil level. After the earth has settled, it will be at the soil level.
- After the raspberries are planted, water them. Watering should be done in 2-3 doses in small portions. Until the soil is saturated with moisture.
- Mulch the soil around the trunk. For this, humus, peat, sawdust or chopped grass are suitable.
According to Sobolev
According to gardeners, growing only a few raspberry bushes in the country using the Sobolev method, it is possible to get up to 5 kg of berries from a bush.
So, what is the method:
- Preparing the beds and planting sites. We choose a well-lit place and place the ridge from north to south or from east to west.
- Knock the sides out of the boards or make them out of slate. It is important that the bed is 20 cm above the soil level.
- The width of the bed is 1 m. The length is as much as the raspberry bushes. The distance between plants is not less than 1 m. Rarely planted bushes are better illuminated and blown out. It is convenient to look after them. Disease rates are reduced. This increases the yield of raspberries.
- Raspberries are planted on the ridge in early autumn.
- Pits are dug out with a width of 30 * 30 cm. One seedling is planted.
- Make trellises.
It is not recommended to plant more than one seedling in one hole.... Raspberries have been growing in one place for more than 15 years, so several bushes in one place will interfere with each other.
The raspberry yield by this method is also depends on correct pruning... In the spring, after the raspberries give young shoots, carry out the first pruning.
In late May or early June, cut at a distance of 80-100 cm from the ground. It is convenient to look after the bushes at this height. They do not lean to the ground under the weight of the crop.
In the second year, carry out a second pruning of the bushes... Lateral shoots should be cut off 10 cm. With this pruning, the bush becomes like a small tree.
Produces many flower stalks on which berries are tied. As a result, the yield on the bushes increases.
It is not recommended to leave the offspring grown under the bushes more than 4-5 pieces. The rest of the offspring are cut out, and with the rest they are pruned the same as with the main stem.
According to the Sobolev method it is better to transplant strong offspring to a new place, and cut out the rest of the shoots... Thus, the usual variety turns into a remontant one. The bush bears fruit until late autumn.
In addition to pruning, raspberries also need proper care, which consists of watering, feeding and mulching.
Having formed a bed according to the Sobolev method, the gardener does not need to dig up and loosen the soil. Raspberry is a moisture-loving plant, therefore there must be timely watering and it is not necessary to allow the land to dry out.
Sprinkle mulch on the ridge to keep moisture in the soil. If possible, then it is better to use fresh manure as mulch... Manure is used as fertilizer and protects the soil from drying out and weeds.
If there is no manure available, then we mulch the garden with affordable means. The mulch layer should be at least 10 cm.
Despite the manure of the garden, possible lack of nutrients... It can be determined by the type of plant: the shoots become thin and weak, the color of the leaves changes - they curl, spots appear and the edges dry out.
In this case organic fertilizing should be done: Drizzle with mullein infusion or chicken poop with wood ash.
How to make an infusion: collect cow dung in a third of the container and fill it with water to the top. Insist 2 days.
For watering, it must be diluted in water 1:10. That is, take 1 liter of infusion on a bucket of water, add a glass of wood ash. Stir well and pour over the raspberries.
Before you cover your raspberries for the winter, you need to cut out the fruit bearing branches at the root. Young stems of the current season should be bent neatly to the soil and pinned with forks.
Now cover the bent stems for the winter. Cover with baptized branches, and cover on top with non-woven fabric, tarpaulin or any available material. In winter, the artificial shelter will be covered with snow, which will keep it from freezing.
How to grow raspberries from seeds
Many varieties of raspberries possible to grow from seeds... The process is time consuming, but interesting. What is needed for this?
- Buy raspberry seeds from the store or pick overripe berries of your favorite variety.
- Squeeze the berry through cheesecloth. The result is gruel. We dilute this gruel with water and wash the seeds. Empty seeds will float to the surface. They are not needed. Collect and dry the rest.
The seeds can be planted in open ground or grown in pots at home.
In the open field
In early September, in a specially prepared garden bed, plant seeds to a depth of 2 cm... Cover with humus and sand from above.
We leave the seeds for the winter. In the spring the seeds will sprout. Further care as usual.
In flower pots
To grow raspberry seedlings in pots, seeds must be stratified... To do this, place the seeds in a wet napkin in the refrigerator for two weeks.
After planting in pots or a special box. Prepare loose earth mix peat and soil in a ratio of 50 * 50.
Planting in pots in March: plant the seeds to a depth of 0.5 cm, water every 3 days. You should also fertilize every 10 days with urea.
After the seeds sprout we grow seedlings before the onset of heat... Then transplant raspberry seedlings into open ground.
Now you know about how to grow raspberries in different wayshow to care for her, how to grow raspberries from seeds. This will help you grow a good and tasty raspberry harvest.
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