When arranging a plot, a separate area, well-lit by the sun, is allocated for a vineyard. The owners are faced with a difficult task - the choice of varieties that are available in agricultural technology and have an unsurpassed taste. This article discusses the very best grape varieties, broken down for ease of perception into separate categories. We will talk about names, tell you what they are and what characteristics they have.
Names of the best early grape varieties
Growing early grape varieties is economically beneficial. In addition, intensive maturation reduces the risk of damage to the bushes by various diseases or insects. The growing season lasts on average 95-115 days... Bunches are highly valued due to their taste and presentation, since rotting is extremely rare.
Veles
Veles has a beautiful bunch of pink berries up to 2 kg, and in some cases up to 3 kg. The grape has a pronounced nutmeg aroma.
The bushes are very tall. The plant tolerates frosts down to minus 21 °. Veles has good resistance to diseases and is rated above average.
Adler
White grapes, which have the peculiarity of being well preserved for a month after ripening without loss of taste and aroma. Cylindrical bunches weigh up to 550-700 grams on average. The bushes have great vigor with strong vines.
The plant shows resistance to typical grape diseases, frost resistance up to minus 24 °.
Jupiter
Jupiter has cylindrical clusters with looseness. Fruits of reddish or purple color have an oval shape, weight is 4-6 gr., Light nutmeg aroma. The vine is medium-sized, the plant's resistance to diseases is excellent. The grapes tolerate low temperatures down to minus 27 °.
What are the types of wine
Technical (wine) grape varieties are most often characterized by vigorous bushes, small or medium bunches in size and mass, and low productivity. However, the taste of the berries is distinguished by multifaceted notes and an interesting aroma.
A feature of the fruit is considered to be a high content of juice and a balance of sugar and acid.
Muscat
Muscat has a medium ripening period with a growing season of 125-140 days. The color of the berries is yellow with an amber tint. The brush covers up to 150 gr., But there are specimens up to 450 gr.
The fruits are very sweet, juicy with a medium skin density. The yield depends on climatic characteristics, ranging from 60 to 100 centners / ha. The culture is poorly resistant to typical grape diseases, especially with high humidity or prolonged rainfall.
Chardonnay
The grapes are of medium ripening period, the growing season lasts 135-140 days. The brush is characterized by a cylindrical-conical shape, looseness and medium density, the weight barely reaches 100 grams. The berry is colored green with a yellow tinge, the skin is thin, the taste is sweet with a pleasant aroma... Chardonnay grows well on different types of soil, but the best results are noted on rocky and clay-limestone soils. Fungal resistance is low.
Sauvignon
Sauvignon is a French technical grape with a growing season of 130-135 days. Bushes have intensive growth, densely leafy. The cylindrical bunch is very dense, weighing 75-120 grams.
Rounded berries are colored yellow-green, and under the influence of direct sunlight they acquire a slightly yellow tint. Tolerant to mildew, but has a weak resistance to powdery mildew and gray rot. When the soil is waterlogged, the plant discards its inflorescences.
The best frost-resistant varieties
Grapes in this category have an average vine growth. Most of the frost-resistant representatives are technical varieties, but the berries can also be used for fresh consumption. The peculiarity of the taste of berries is the increased acidity and a little astringency. Some brainchildren of breeders are able to withstand frost of forty degrees without a special shelter.
Lady fingers
Ladies' fingers is a high quality table grape. The growing season lasts 150-155 days, the vine is intensively formed. Narrow-conical clusters of large size with yellowish-green berries of an elongated shape, weight reaches 600-900 grams.
The pulp perfectly combines sugariness and refreshing sourness. Feature of the culture: weak resistance to diseases and pests, a long transition to fruiting in seedlings (clusters are formed only in the 5th year after planting).
Aleshenkin
Fruits ripen early (120 days after bud formation). The bunches are large, I weigh an average of 1-2.7 kg. Oval berries are amber in color, very sweet and juicy. A feature of the Aleshenkin variety is the absence of seeds in half of the ripened fruits. The vine develops intensively, the grape sleeves bear fruit for 6-7 years.
Lydia
The ripening time for lidia berries falls at the beginning of the autumn period. The pulp of the fruit is fragrant, very juicy. Ripe bunches have a characteristic pink color. The brush is loose, but reaches a large size, the average weight is 120-250 grams. The plant has a strong immunity, which is manifested in high resistance to typical diseases.
The best large varieties
Grapes with large fruits require careful attention. It is especially important to follow the rules of agricultural technology in order to prevent the berries from cracking. The most popular in this category are the following varieties.
Transformation
Table grapes are transformed with a ripening period of 110-125 days. The weight of a brush of a loose structure is 1.5 kg, but some specimens weigh up to 2.8 kg.
A tall bush with a strong root system and vines. Berries are large-fruited, elongated-oval pink.
The juice of the fruit accumulates a sufficient amount of sugar, but the sweetness is not felt when eating berries due to the slight acidity. Productivity - about 20 kg per bush.
Lily of the valley
The ripening period of the lily of the valley variety is 125-135 days. The mass of the hand reaches 1.5 kg. The berries are oval and amber colored. There is a high resistance of the plant to diseases and pests, frost resistance up to minus 21 °, long-term storage of the crop.
Century
Kishmish variety is a century old with a ripening period of 125-135 days. The bunches are conical, the fruits are yellow-green, the weight of the brush is 800-1300 grams. Features of the culture: exquisite taste with a slight hint of nutmeg, high yield, frost resistance up to minus 23 ° and good disease resistance.
Jupiter
Kishmish variety of medium early ripening. The average weight of a brush is 250 grams, the berries are large (up to 6 grams), painted in red or purple. The peculiarity of the variety is strong immunity and long shelf life.
The best black varieties
Black berries contain a large amount of iron, selenium and zinc, which are of real value to the human body. Modern breeders spend a lot of time developing new dark hybrids that are highly resistant to typical diseases and difficult climatic conditions.
Codryanka
The culture of Codryanka ripens early, is characterized by high marketability and taste, and is rightfully considered one of the best dark grape varieties. However, the plant requires careful care, otherwise the berries will begin to shrink. Also, the disadvantage is vulnerability to wasps, which spoil the presentation of the fruit.
Kishmish Moldavian
The young shoot begins to bear fruit in the third year. The bushes are medium-sized with large clusters, reaching a mass of 190-250 grams. The growing season lasts 150-160 days. Features of the variety: high yield, high sugar content, long shelf life.
Delight is black
Very large bunches with round grapes adorn the vigorous bush. The growing season of the plant is 115-125 days. The variety is resistant to mildew and powdery mildew, but is affected by gray mold. Withstands frosts down to minus 25 °.
Athos
The hybrid was obtained as a result of crossing Codryanka and Talisman - favorites of varieties of different categories. Bunches have compact parameters, average density. The berries are characterized by an excellent taste that harmoniously combines sugar content and acidity. The plant is resistant to typical diseases and pests.
Kuban
Luxurious clusters with rounded large dark purple berries deliver a real aesthetic pleasure. Grapes have low disease resistance and require shelter during the winter.
The best green varieties
Light grape varieties are thermophilic. Berries contain no less nutrients than intensely colored fruits (with the exception of antioxidants). Thanks to its usefulness and universal application, many growers want to acquire a cuttings of this category. Among the most popular technical varieties are the following:
- Chardonnay;
- White Muscat;
- Riesling;
- Aligote.
Popular table varieties:
- Lady fingers;
- Shasloy white;
- Oval kishmish.
The most productive varieties
The fruitful varieties of grapes include table varieties. The bush has at least 70% of fruitful shoots, and the replacement buds are predominantly productive. Plants of this category are not highly resistant to frost, but they tolerate heat tolerably.
Matyash Janos
Technical ripeness occurs after 135 days. The bunches are medium in size, weighing 160-250 grams. The dark blue berry harmoniously combines sugar content and acidity. The plant is susceptible to mildew and gray rot, often affected by the leafworm, so prophylaxis is required.
Khalili black
Early ripening black grapes (105-115 days). There is a strong growth of the bush and an intensive development of the vine. A conical bunch weighs up to 350-500 grams. Oval berries on a cluster adhere tightly to each other. The culture is susceptible to mildew and oidium, poorly tolerates frost, requiring special shelter.
Cardinal
Cardinal plant with medium early ripening. The berry is dark blue and large in size. The mass of the brush reaches 360-580 grams. The potential of the crop is characterized by high productivity, but it is unstable, since climatic features and weather disasters have a great impact on the growing season. There is also a weak resistance to typical diseases and pest attacks.
For the winter period, the bush must be covered.
The variety of varieties and features of each species allows you to choose the plant that is most adapted to certain climatic conditions. And the taste qualities of the best representatives of their groups will satisfy the needs of any gourmet.