From the south to the north of our country, the apple tree is a favorite fruit crop. People have been cultivating it for a long time, and therefore there are more than 10,000 varieties of apples, old, known for a long time, new or recently brought to us! They differ in size, shape, taste of fruits: from bitter, insipid, sour to very sweet, so everyone can choose what he likes.
Apples are: summer, that is, they ripen early, usually in July, they do not lie well, the shelf life is about three weeks, in which they need to be eaten or processed.
Apples autumn categories begin to collect in September, they can be stored until mid-winter. Harvest late, or winter, finally ripens in late autumn. Apples in this category are distinguished by good keeping quality and winter hardiness.
It is curious that both autumn and winter varieties of apples can ripen during storage. We will consider the best and most popular in each of the categories in the form of a list with illustrations, so that it is possible to determine and recognize the name of the fetus from the photograph.
Early varieties of apples
Apple trees in this category begin to bear fruit already in the first 3 years after planting, and sometimes even earlier.
North synap
North Sinap came from Crimea, although it now grows in the northeastern regions of Russia. Comes from the Kandil-Chinese variety.
Is different good winter hardiness and keeping quality, the fruits can be stored until May-June, which makes it very popular. Fast-growing, gives a stable, bountiful harvest of delicious apples.
For good fruit ripening, it requires a lot of summer heat, therefore, in regions with a short and rather cold summer, apples simply will not ripen. Harvesting is worth finally ripe, since unripe fruits will not have characteristic taste, and during storage they can wither, but not ripen. But ripe fruits will have the best taste after two to three months of lying.
Medium resistance to fungal diseases and drought. Suitable for fresh consumption, processing into juice, compote and jam, as well as for the manufacture of dried fruits.
Melba
The famous early-growing variety Melba, which came from Canada. Melba bears fruit literally for 3 years. This apple tree is grown almost everywhere in Russia, with the exception of the Far East, the Urals and northeastern Siberia.
Is different high yield... The flesh of the melba is snowy, the skin is smooth. The fruits are not small, sweet and sour, with a pleasant candy aroma. Melba apples are well transported and, with proper storage, lie until November, unripe - until January, without losing their attractiveness and taste, which favorably distinguishes the variety from other summer ones.
Harvested late summer and early autumn... Melba does not withstand frost well, becomes infected with scab, mature trees do not bear fruit regularly. But the dry hot summer is not scary for her.
More than 20 new species were bred on the basis of the Melba apple tree.
Student
Late winter, Student harvest falls on September and first half of October... Differs in an especially early fruiting period: apples appear in the second year. The variety is popular in central Russia.
The fruits are not too large, but they have an attractive appearance, they have a pleasant, sweet and sour taste. The apple tree tolerates frost quite well, it is resistant to scab. The fruits have good keeping quality, easy to save until May. They ripen for a long time, the harvest is removed in October.
Types of late apple trees
Idared
Apple-tree varieties Idared - tall tree. Begins to bear fruit 5-6 years after planting. The apples are rather large, green in color with a yellow or red blush, pleasant taste, the flesh is firm and juicy.
The harvest is harvested at the end of September, and apples lie before the beginning of spring. The variety is resistant to brown spot, but is affected by powdery mildew and scab. They are used fresh, making juice and compotes, as well as dried fruits.
Bogatyr
A variety that begins to bear fruit 5 years after planting. The advantage of the Bogatyr is the ability to grow him in almost any climatic zone.
The fruits have a pleasant sweet and sour taste, firm and strong, juicy. Until the very harvest, apples remain light green, during storage they turn yellow, a blush may appear. Resistant to scab, frost-hardy, well transported and consistently good fruit. Harvesting takes place in September, with proper storage, apples lie until the end of spring.
Mac
A unique variety of Macintosh originally from Canada. Fruits are whitish yellow or green with purple or beard stripes.
Begins to bear fruit 6-7 years after planting. Harvested late September - early October, after which it lies for 2-3 weeks and only after that it is considered ripe.
Apples are moderately sweet, rich in taste. Possesses medium keeping quality, the fruits are stored until early spring and when fully ripe, the pulp becomes slightly transparent. Winter hardiness and scab resistance are average.
Summer varieties
In most regions of Russia, summer is not long, and therefore summer apples are sometimes not a frequent treat. Apple trees in this category ripen early and begin to bear fruit.
To date, breeders have bred many varieties of apple trees that can be grown in regions previously considered unsuitable for their growth.
Summer apples are usually juicy, sweet and very tasty... Their biggest drawback is poor keeping quality... They are eaten fresh, juices are made and canned. Let's take a look at the best ones.
White filling
Popular, widespread, ancient variety. Fruits of White filling of noble ivory color, from where the name comes from. The apple tree has a white filling of medium height, an adult tree grows up to 5 meters in height, the crown is pyramidal.
White filling is winter hardy, but it is highly vulnerable to wood pests, therefore it requires regular treatments. They have a sweet and sour taste. Harvested in August.
Apples spoil quickly, especially when struck or dropped, because stored for a very short time... Therefore, it is most correct to immediately use them for food or process them. Do not allow overripening of the fruit, since in this case the taste deteriorates markedly, the pulp becomes mealy and practically tasteless.
The fruits of the white filling deteriorate not only when they fall, but even with a strong pressure on them with a finger, dark spots appear, the flesh looses, becoming dry and mealy. Therefore, apples must be removed very carefully.
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Folding
Another well-known variety that is often confused with white filling. But this is not entirely correct. As relatives, they still have differences. The birthplace of the Papirovka apple tree is the Baltic States. Begins to bear fruit early, already 5 years after planting.
It tolerates frost well, but not resistant to scab, traces of which can be seen both on the foliage and on the apples themselves. The harvest ripens a week earlier than the white filling. The flesh of the papier is white, coarse-grained, contains a high level of ascorbic acid, therefore the taste of apples is refreshingly sour. It resists the influence of pests and diseases quite well, but suffers from drought and frost.
Papier fruits poorly transported and lie, stored for about three weeks, quickly rot if damaged. If you want to preserve them for a while, you need to harvest unripe. Also well suited for processing and preservation.
Candy
A variety of apples obtained by the Michurin method from white filling and boxing. Apple trees Candy are distinguished by their rapid development and growth, at the age of 5 they begin to bear fruit, have a powerful spreading crown.
They unpretentious, winter-hardy, which is an undoubted advantage for many Russian regions. Pruning trees helps to increase the yield, as well as the ability to form a bush from the tree. Due to frost resistance, cultivation is possible even in Siberia.
The fruits ripen in mid-August, from one tree you can harvest up to 50 kg. Fruits are smooth, with sweet taste and excellent presentation. Apples are not bad keeping quality; they can be stored for up to two months.
The main difference between winter apples and summer apples is that winter apples should be eaten after they have lay for at least a month.
Grushovka Moscow
Apple tree withstands frosts down to -50, therefore it can be grown in many Russian regions, even in the Urals and Siberia. It is one of the most frost-resistant. Fruiting begins as early as 5 years after planting, the harvest ripens in July-August, but do not bear fruit en masse. Apples inside the crown and at the top ripen at different times, which significantly complicates the harvest.
The pulp of apples is juicy, but after picking it quickly becomes mealy. Fruit do not tolerate transportation and practically are not stored. In rainy weather, they are prone to scab infestation, and in drought conditions, the tree may even shed its fruits.
Moscow pear is not very suitable for conservation, because apples have a sour taste, which will require a lot of sugar. But at the same time, they have a lot of vitamins B and C, therefore it is better to use them fresh.
Mantet
Has Canadian roots, bred by natural pollination of the Moscow pear tree. The apples are round-oblong, slightly ribbed at the top, bright. The taste of Mantet is very sweet, practically without the presence of acidity, the pulp is white and aromatic.
Ripen from late July to late August... Fruiting early, but the fruits are stored for no more than two weeks. Trees are prone to scab do not tolerate frost.
Summer striped
As the name implies, the color of the fruit is striped, which is its distinguishing feature from other varieties. The apple tree is quite unpretentious to care for, it is immune to scab, frost-resistant... When grown in almost any conditions, you can get a high yield of tasty, juicy, fragrant apples with delicate pulp.
Fruits are stored poorly, overripe and not harvested in time, the crop will simply crumble from the tree. Suitable for fresh consumption, jam and compotes.
Quinty
Quinti was bred about 30 years ago in Canada, from where he came to us. Created specifically for regions with relatively low average annual temperatures. Fruit ripening occurs early, the harvest is already harvested from mid-July.
The fruit of the apple tree is small, with a persistent, bright aroma and sweet-sour taste. Despite the early ripening of the crop, resistance to powdery mildew, drought and heat, which are the undoubted advantages of the variety, the fruits are stored for a very short time, only about two weeks. Apple tree quinti not hardy and affected by scab.
Autumn varieties of apples
Autumn apples are most suitable for all types of preservation... Let's consider the best and most popular ones.
Autumn striped
The variety is considered one of the best in its category. High-yielding, different average winter hardiness, the planted tree begins to bear fruit at 7-8 years. Ripening in the second half of September, the fruits remain on the tree for a long time without falling off. Stored until mid-December.
Fruits are medium in size, with a blurred blush, with a creamy pulp with a pleasant taste.
Despite the high quality of the apples, the variety is not drought tolerant.
Cinnamon striped
A popular and well-known apple variety. It differs in that bountiful harvests begin to give rather late, after 14-15 years. Highly resistant long-lived variety, tolerates long-term severe frosts.
Fruits with cream-colored pulp, high taste and cinnamon aroma, which is why they gave this name. Harvesting takes place in September, laying time - up to two months. Apples are good for soaking and jam. In rainy weather, the variety is prone to scab disease.
Consumer maturity, that is, the time when autumn apples can be eaten, comes after 2-3 weeks of maturation.
Borovinka
Winter hardy unpretentious Borovinka variety with regular fruiting.
The fruits ripen in early September, and can lie until November. The apple tree begins to bear fruit already from 4 years after planting, the fruits are juicy, yellowish, of average taste. Despite the high tolerance to low temperatures, the tree has fragile wood, the nondescript taste of the apples themselves. Fruits and leaves are prone to scab.
Isaev's memory
Variety Pamyat Isaeva, possessing extremely high winter hardiness, high yield. Harvesting takes place late autumn, and the harvested fruits are stored until January.
Apples have a sweet and sour taste, do not have a pronounced aroma, with a dense, juicy and tender pulp. Scab resistant.
Glory to the winners
Matures in September-October, the harvest of rather large fruits is stored for up to three months.
Apples Glory to the winners of sweet and sour taste, juicy and very tender. Begins to bear fruit early, already at 4 years old, good disease resistance and winter hardiness.
Bolotovskoe
Giving high yields, good frost tolerance grade. Large fruits with a pleasant sweet and sour taste ripen in early September.
Winter
Apple varieties with a late ripening period are called winter apples. Winter apples are valuable because you can eat them for a whole year... The best varieties of this category have such good keeping quality.
Winter apples are difficult to eat right after picking, as they usually ripen during storage. The crop is harvested from mid-autumn, and the fruits lie until May-June.
Knight
The fruits ripen in the first half of Octoberare stored until April-May. The trees are large in size, the harvests are abundant, up to 240 kg. The tree is powerful, scab and resists frost medium... Therefore, it requires special attention in the winter, and also requires regular spraying.
The fruits are quite large, with excellent taste. Stored until May, suitable both for raw consumption and for all processing methods.
Growing winter varieties of apples is more difficult due to the low amount of heat, in contrast to summer and autumn varieties. For this reason, they need more careful care and regular feeding.
Antonovka
A well-known and popular variety. It has quite a few types: white, ribbed, gray, striped, and so on. All of them are distinguished by high, but not regular yields. Frost resistant and tolerates other climatic troubles well.
Antonovka fruits have a characteristic aroma of high intensity, sweet with sour taste, juicy and crunchy pulp.
The harvest is removed in the first decade of October... Depending on the storage method, apples of this variety lie: in the refrigerator - until December, in the basement - until December. They are eaten fresh, and also processed into jam, marmalade and marshmallow, compotes and juices are made.
Renet Simirenko
Apple trees of the Renet Simirenko variety are distinguished by their resistance to drought and strong wind. The trees grow very tall with medium to large green fruits in various shades. A distinctive sign is the formation of a brown tint on the fruit.
Possess very high keeping quality, stored until summer. The harvest of juicy fruits with a spicy, slightly salty wine, sweet taste is removed in September-October. Mainly suitable for fresh consumption.
Antaeus
A variety that can withstand the coldest winters. Highly frost resistant.
Ripening, the fruits turn red, have a pleasant tangible aroma, juicy and sweet.It is not uncommon for apples to have a waxy coating, which helps to increase the keeping quality of the fruit.
Harvesting falls on end of September-beginning of OctoberI, but apples can be stored almost until the end of spring. You can eat them after 2 months of laying, when they are fully ripe.
Sinap (Kandil) Orlovsky
The trees are quite large in size, with large fruits of almost the same size. The apples are green with a blush, sweet with a slight sourness. Harvested at the end of September, apples lie until spring.
Scarlet anise
Brought to the Volga region, therefore tolerates both severe frosts and drought... Scarlet Anise begins to bear fruit quite late, 6-7 years after planting, bringing abundant harvests.
Harvesting takes place In November, keeping quality is limited to two months. An unpretentious apple tree, but when the weather is too humid, the fruits and leaves are infected with scab.
Ripe fruits are almost completely covered with a scarlet blush, small in size, and have a good taste.
The sweetest and most delicious fruits and their names
Adults and especially children are very fond of eating a delicious, sweet apple. The most famous in this category are the white filling and the candy one we talked about earlier. In addition to them, there are also popular varieties of this category.
Belarusian sweet
Winter hardy early type. Due to its large size, the tree is able to withstand quite large fruits. The apples are sweet, with a very aromatic but not too dense pulp.
The harvest is removed at the beginning of October, and the fruits lie until the end of February. Possessing excellent taste and presentation, besides, it is resistant to scab.
Sweet bliss
A medium-sized tree with sour-sweet fruits of a round shape and small size. Light apples with a blush are characterized by excellent aroma, sweet dessert taste without the presence of acidity.
Arcad yellow
Resists well against adverse environmental factors. Is different high frost resistance.
The fruits are small, cylindrical, yellow in color, with a very sweet taste and pleasant aroma. The yield is average.
Nectar
Summer hardy grade. Fruits are medium to large in size, sweet, with a slight sourness and honey flavor. Maturation occurs in late August and lasts for a month.
Winter hardiness is very high, withstands frosts down to -40. Good immunity to diseases and pest resistance.
Korobovka
It is grown in central Russia, Belarus and the Baltics. Summer ripening perfectly tolerates frost.
The yield is average, and the tree begins to bear fruit rather late. The fruit is small in size, very aromatic, with a honey-sweet taste. The foliage and the apples themselves are scab resistant. Ripen late July-early August... However, keeping quality is low, stored for a month.
Lungwort
A variety with uneven ripening, the harvest is removed in the second half of August... The taste of apples improves after a short maturation, becoming even sweeter-honey. Taste qualities remain unchanged for a long time.
Best green
Green, with a sour taste, green apples are considered most beneficial to health and with diets. Among them are the most popular Renet variety, Simirenko, as well as papirovka, Antonovka and white filling, described above, and others.
Granny Smith
Probably the most popular winter variety of green apples right now, which is hard to confuse with others due to its bright, shiny green color and tough skin. Bred in Australia. The fruit taste is very juicy with a pleasant sourness, it is considered dietary due to its low sugar content.
Late ripe, ripens by the end of autumn. The fruits are large and have no aroma, which is their feature. They tolerate transportation well and can be stored for a long time. Frost resistant, with regular abundant fruiting. However, with a lack of heat and light, the fruits become smaller and turn yellow.
Granny Smith is the most popular apple for weight loss diets.
Pepin saffron
Pepin saffron variety does not have good frost resistance and in extreme cold freezes, although after good it is restored. For regular fruiting, it requires regular pruning; it brings the first harvests 5-7 years after planting.
The apples are sweet, with an interesting grape and spicy aftertaste, with a bright aroma. Possess good keeping quality from the moment of collection in October perfectly stored until March, retaining their taste.
Golden Delicious
Despite the yellowish color, the variety still belongs to this category. Apple tree tolerates frost well, but drought resistance is low.
Dense, very juicy fruits with a sweet taste are harvested From september, and stored until March. Lying down has a positive effect on the taste, making it even more tender.
Best reds
Beautiful, bright apples will decorate any table and seem especially tasty. The best varieties in the category are the following.
Florina
French variety, scab resistant. Large, slightly flattened apples ripen in October... Begins to bear fruit at 6 years old, but good harvests are harvested only at 8-10 years.
The quality of the fruits is very high: sweet, juicy, with signs of sourness, they become even sweeter when lying down. They are well transported and stored until March. Frost and drought resistance average.
Gloucester York
A variety with large, bright red fruits of a beautiful shape. Excellent taste, appearance, but medium scab resistance. The tree begins to bear fruit 5 years after planting, but it gives significant yields only by 10 years.
Red Delicious
A fast-growing variety, the first harvests can be removed in 3-4 years. You need to do this at the end of September, and the fruits lie until the end of winter, with proper storage until April.
The apples are rich, bright red, with a dense skin, sweet, with a slight iron aftertaste, juicy and crunchy. They are well transported, resistant to mechanical damage, but during storage they are affected by bitter spotting. It has no resistance to scab, but frost resistance average.
Jonathan
Late winter variety originally from America. It is also known to gardeners under other names: winter good, winter red, Oslamovsky. You need to grow on wet soils, only under this condition you can get good yields. The tree is resistant to both scab and powdery mildew.
Fruits with a pleasant, sour taste with sweetness and a bright aroma remove in mid-September... It tolerates transportation and storage well, lies until mid-spring.
Jonathan fruit is most commonly mentioned in recipes and baked goods.
Lobo
The variety originated from Macintosh, and therefore has its properties: rich red color, wonderful taste. The variety is distinguished by annual fruiting with a noticeable increase in yield, the first can be removed already after 3-4 years.
Tolerates frost well and is resistant to drought, but is moderately resistant to disease.
The best apple varieties for the Moscow region and the middle zone
The Moscow region is characterized by an unstable climate, short summers and a lack of light. Therefore, the varieties that are best suited for growing should be hardy, unpretentious and frost-resistant.
Among the summer varieties are suitable: Moscow pear, lungwort, candy, cinnamon striped, which were mentioned above. And also autumn varieties of apples.
Autumn
Zhigulevskoe
The first fruits of Zhigulevsky are removed 5-6 years after planting, the harvest is abundant, but decreases over the years.
A characteristic feature of the variety is very large fruits... But it is better to plant in the southern regions, since the variety does not tolerate frost and weakly resists scab. Matures in September, and the harvested apples lie up to two months.
Cinnamon new
Another autumn apple variety suitable for growing in the Moscow region. The first crop is harvested quite late after planting, closer to 6-7 years. At first, the trees bear fruit regularly; over the years, the yield increases, but becomes irregular.
The fruits are small, juicy, fragrant, with bright spots. in mid-September, they are stored for about three months. Winter hardypest resistant variety.
Among the winter varieties suitable for cultivation in this region, it is worth noting the already described Antonovka, Saffron Pepin, Borovinka, Long, Kandil Orlovsky and some others.
Star
Variety with average winter hardiness, but good resistance to scab and various pests. Begins to bear fruit at the earliest - after 5 years of cultivation, the harvest from light striped fruits is harvested in the fall and stored for about six months.
Moscow winter
Good, frost-resistant Uslada variety with excellent resistance to pests and various diseases.
After 5-7 years, you can harvest a good harvest, the apples are large, sweet and sour, green in color with a bright blush. Ripen in September-October, if stored properly, lie until April.
Early
Delight
Semi-dwarf autumn variety, bears fruit well from 3 years of growth. A fast-growing, high-yielding apple tree with medium-sized red fruits. Due to the thickened crown, the size of apples is different, their taste is sweet and sour. Especially valuable for scab immunity and good resistance to frost.
Wonderful
By the third year of cultivation, you can harvest good crops of sweet and sour apples. Frost resistant and scab, loves feeding, but it is necessary to fight aphids.
Dwarf tree, yellow fruits in the second half of Augustare stored for a month.
The described varieties of apples are considered the best, because they are very popular and popular with many gardeners. By planting summer, autumn and winter varieties together, you can enjoy delicious fruits all year round.